Electrical concepts, clearly explained
From charge and Ohm’s law to protective earthing and EV high-voltage systems. Each concept includes a definition, three levels of explanation, formulas, solved examples, applications, measurement notes, mistakes and safety guidance.
Electromagnetic Induction
Electromagnetic induction is the production of a voltage by a changing magnetic field. It is the principle behind generators, tr...
Inductance
Inductance is the property of a circuit that opposes changes in current by storing energy in a magnetic field. It is measured in...
Transformer Principle
A transformer transfers AC energy between coils through a shared magnetic field. Learn the turns ratio, voltage and current rela...
Electromagnetic Compatibility
Electromagnetic compatibility means equipment works without causing or suffering harmful interference. Learn emissions, immunity...
Resistor
The resistor limits current and sets voltage levels. Learn its color code, power rating, series and parallel rules, and how to t...
Capacitor
A capacitor stores charge and energy in an electric field. Learn capacitance, energy, series and parallel rules, reactance, time...
Inductor
An inductor stores energy in a magnetic field and opposes changes in current. Learn inductance, reactance, time constants, satur...
Diode
A diode conducts current mainly in one direction. Learn forward drop, reverse blocking, rectification, LED resistor sizing and s...
Relay
A relay uses a small coil current to switch a larger load. Learn coil and contact ratings, flyback suppression, testing and safe...
Multimeter
A multimeter measures voltage, current, resistance and more. Learn functions, ranges, burden voltage, accuracy, CAT ratings and...
Voltage Measurement
Voltage is measured across two points in parallel. Learn AC and DC readings, RMS versus peak, meter loading, ground reference an...
Current Measurement
Current is measured through a circuit, in series or with a clamp. Learn shunts, burden voltage, clamp meters, DC and AC current...