Interactive diagrams
Click every element to reveal its role, typical value, tests, faults and warnings.
Basic Electrical Circuit
Battery → fuse → switch → lamp → ground. Click any element to learn its role and how to test it.
9 elements electricalCharging Circuit
Alternator, rectifier, regulator, warning lamp and battery. Click parts to understand charging diagnosis.
7 elements electricalBattery Internal Construction
Six cells, plates and electrolyte — click to explore what is inside a 12 V battery.
9 elements fundamentalsVehicle Energy Flow
From fuel to motion — click each stage to understand the drivetrain.
8 elements electronicsCAN Bus Topology
Modules share a twisted pair with termination at each end. Click modules and terminations.
7 elements diagnosticsHow a DTC Is Stored
From monitor to warning lamp and repair — click each stage of the diagnostic loop.
6 elements fundamentalsThe Four-Stroke Cycle
Piston, valves, spark plug and crankshaft — the anatomy behind the cycle.
6 elements electricalRelay Control Circuit
A small switch current controls a large load current through a relay. Click each part to learn its role and tests.
10 elements electricalStarter Motor Circuit
High-current starting circuit: battery, heavy cables, solenoid, motor and engine ground. Click to explore.
7 elements electricalVoltage Drop in Series
Unwanted resistance steals voltage from the load. Click the points to see how a voltage-drop test isolates it.
7 elements engineIgnition System (Coil-on-Plug)
Battery → fuse → ignition switch → coil → spark plug → engine ground. Click each element.
9 elements engineFuel Injector Circuit
Battery feed through a relay, injector coil, and an ECU ground-side command. Click each element.
7 elements electronicsSensor Output Families
Resistive, Hall-effect, inductive and wideband sensors produce different signals. Click each family.
6 elements engineEngine Cooling System
Radiator, thermostat, pump, block, fan and expansion tank. Click each element for tests and faults.
8 elements advancedTurbocharger System
Exhaust drives the turbine, which drives the compressor; the intercooler cools the charge. Click each part.
8 elements advancedEGR System
Recirculated exhaust gas lowers combustion temperature. Click to test the valve and cooler.
6 elements advancedDiesel Particulate Filter (DPF)
The DPF traps soot and burns it off during regeneration. Click to explore pressure and temperature sensing.
6 elements advancedABS / ESP System
Wheel speed sensors feed the ABS module, which controls the hydraulic unit. Click each element.
8 elements advancedDiesel Common-Rail Fuel System
Fuel path from tank to high-pressure rail and injectors, with a low- and high-pressure side. Click each part.
7 elements diagnosticsOBD-II Connector (J1962)
The 16-pin diagnostic link connector: power, grounds and the networks behind it. Click each pin group.
6 elements modernHybrid High-Voltage System
Traction battery, service disconnect, inverter, motor and DC/DC — the orange-cable boundary. Awareness only.
6 elements modernEV Charging Path
From the charge port through the on-board charger and BMS to the traction battery. Awareness only.
6 elements electronicsElectronic Throttle Actuator
The ECU drives the throttle motor and reads back two position sensors. Click each element.
7 elements chassisHydraulic Brake Circuit
Pedal, master cylinder, lines, caliper and disc. Click each part to learn its role and tests.
7 elements chassisMacPherson Strut Suspension
Spring, damper, top mount, knuckle and control arm. Click each element.
7 elements transmissionDCT vs CVT Layout
Dual-clutch on the left, continuously-variable principle on the right. Click each part.
7 elements modernADAS Sensor Coverage
Camera, radar, ultrasonic sensors and their coverage. Click each element.
6 elements modern48 V Mild-Hybrid System
Belt-starter generator, 48 V battery, DC/DC and the 12 V network. Click each part.
6 elements climateAC Refrigeration Circuit
Compressor, condenser, expansion device and evaporator. Click each part to see its role, pressures and tests.
8 elements toolsMultimeter Controls
Display, function dial and input jacks. Click each part to learn how to set up a digital multimeter safely.
7 elements toolsOscilloscope Controls
Screen, channel, time base, voltage scale and trigger. Click each control to learn how to read a signal.
6 elements electricalFuse and Relay Box
A fused supply feeding fuses, a relay and a load. Click each element to learn diagnosis.
6 elements transmissionOpen Differential
Ring gear, pinion, side gears and spider gears. Click each part to understand how torque is split.
6 elements engineOxygen (Lambda) Sensor
Zirconia element, reference air, exhaust gas and signal. Click each part to learn how lambda is measured.
6 elements modernEV Battery Pack & BMS
Pack, modules, BMS, contactor and thermal plate. High-voltage awareness only.
8 elements