Differentials and All-Wheel Drive
Why differentials exist and how AWD distributes traction.
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What you will learn
- Explain why a differential is needed
- Describe AWD layouts
- Recognise drivetrain symptoms
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When a car turns, the outer wheels travel further than the inner ones. A differential allows the two wheels (and the two axles) to rotate at different speeds while still delivering torque, which is essential for smooth cornering and tyre life.
All-wheel drive adds a transfer unit and often a clutch pack or centre differential to send torque to both axles, usually managed electronically. These systems add fluids, sensors and software that must be serviced, and faults often present as unusual noises, binding on turns or warning lights.
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Key points
- Differentials reconcile wheel-speed differences.
- AWD adds hardware and electronics that need servicing.
- Binding on turns often points to a differential or clutch fault.
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Key points
- Differentials let wheels turn at different speeds
- AWD adds a transfer unit and often clutches
- Fluids and electronics must be serviced
All values shown are training examples. Real thresholds depend on the manufacturer, engine, temperature and system — always confirm with the vehicle service documentation.
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